Cortinarius species are a group of mushrooms that are widespread throughout the world and usually grow in forested areas.This family of fungi comes from the Latin word “cortina”;This term refers to the fine web-like covering that covers the cap of the young mushroom.Cortinarius species have many different subspecies, and some have edible properties, as well as some that are poisonous.Therefore, it is important to recognize and correctly classify these fungi.Scientific Name and Other Names The scientific name of Cortinarius species is known as Cortinarius.Different species of this large family have different physical properties and chemical compositions.Other commonly used names are “spider web mushroom” or “cortina mushroom”.These names are derived from the network structure found between the cap and stem of the mushroom when it is young.Where to See Cortinarius Species? Cortinarius mushrooms can be seen in different climates and ecosystems all over the world.However, especially temperate and humid forest areas are the regions where these species are densely found.They are commonly observed in many parts of North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.In Turkey, it is frequently encountered in regions with abundant rainfall and moist forested areas, such as the Black Sea and Marmara regions.However, different species can adapt to different ecosystems;This enabled them to spread over a wide geographical area.Physical Characteristics The physical characteristics of Cortinarius species vary from species to species.However, some common features can be mentioned in general:
- Hat: Most Cortinarius species have a wide, domed or flat hat.The color of the hat varies depending on its type;It can be in shades of brown, yellow, purple and even blue.Under the hat there are leaflets, usually called lamellae.
- Stem: The stem part is generally thick and in young mushrooms, it is connected to the hat part with a thin cover called cortina.This covering disappears as the mushroom grows.
- Smell and Taste: Some Cortinarius species may have an unpleasant odor.Some of them may be bitter in taste, so they should be identified by an expert before consumption.
Growing Habitat and Season Cortinarius species are generally grown in acidic soils and It grows in the forest understory .It can be found under coniferous trees (pine, fir) as well as in broad-leaved forest areas.The mycelium of the fungus grows in a symbiotic relationship with tree roots;This relationship supports the nutrient uptake of the fungus and helps the trees uptake of water and minerals.Cortinarius species usually appear in the autumn, as the rains increase.However, some species can also be seen in spring.In Turkey, it is most common in October and November.Interesting Information About Cortinarius Species
- Poisonous Species: There are deadly poisonous species in the Cortinarius genus, especially Cortinarius orellanus.These species can pose a serious risk to amateur mushroom pickers.Poisonous species are difficult to distinguish from edible ones, and misidentification can lead to fatal consequences.
- Chemical Composition: Some Cortinarius species may contain psychoactive compounds.However, since the use of these species is dangerous and limited by legal regulations, they should not be collected and consumed directly.
- Color Changing Species: Some of the Cortinarius mushrooms have the ability to change color when touched or cut. However, some species are used in traditional medicine.and was used for different purposes among the public.Especially species in blue and purple tones were preferred for dyeing fabrics.In addition, some local communities have attributed cultural importance to these mushrooms because of the natural events they symbolize or their symbolic meanings.Cortinarius Species and Species Growing in Turkey Some of the Cortinarius species found in Turkey are as follows:
- Cortinarius purpurascens: This species, known for its purple hat, is frequently encountered in the Black Sea forests.
- Cortinariustraganus: This species, known for its bad smell, is common in pine forests.
- Cortinarius cinnamomeus: This species, known for its cinnamon-colored cap and lamellae, is seen in broad-leaved forests.
Caution When Collecting Cortinarius SpeciesWhat you need For mushroom pickers, Cortinarius species require special attention.The similarity of poisonous and edible species can pose a risk to inexperienced people.Some points to consider when collecting mushrooms are as follows:
- They Should Be Collected Under the Accompaniment of Experts: Mushrooms must be collected and identified under the guidance of experts.
- Poisonous Species Must Be Attentioned.: Especially from poisonous species such as Cortinarius orellanus, which causes serious damage to the liver.should be avoided.
- Should Be Stored Under Correct Conditions: Collected mushrooms may deteriorate and pose a health risk if not stored under correct conditions.
Cortinarius species are a remarkable mushroom family rich in biodiversity.These mushrooms can be found in a variety of ecosystems and require a careful approach due to their poisonous species.These species, which are widely seen in Turkey’s forests, are among the riches of nature and have an important role in ecosystem balance.However, it is of great importance to be careful when identifying and collecting these mushrooms.Frequently Asked Questions Are Cortinarius species edible?Although some Cortinarius species are edible, they are risky for amateur collectors due to the presence of poisonous species.Correct identification of edible species is important.In which season are Cortinarius mushrooms seen?They usually appear with the rains in the autumn season.However, some species can also be seen in spring.Where are the regions where Cortinarius species are common?In addition to North America, Europe, Asia and Australia, the Black Sea and Marmara regions in Turkey are areas where these mushrooms are densely found.How do we know if Cortinarius mushrooms are poisonous?It is difficult to distinguish poisonous and edible species.Therefore, picking mushrooms can be risky for non-experts.An expert must be consulted for identification.Can Cortinarius mushrooms be used as a dye?Yes, some species have been used as natural dyes throughout history, especially species in purple and blue tones have been preferred for this purpose.Why are Cortinarius mushrooms known as “spiderweb mushrooms”?In the young period, there is a thin, web-like covering between the cap and the stem.This feature has caused the fungus to be called “spider web fungus”…
